Based on the data from the population censuses and the 1% population sampling survey, this paper analyzes the trend of working life expectancy and its regional differences of the rural older population in China from 2010 to 2020. The results indicate that the proportion of working people among the rural older population has been declining since 2010, and their working life expectancy has decreased steadily while their non-working life expectancy has increased. The study also reveals significant gender and regional disparities in the working life expectancy of the rural older population: older males, and those residing in agriculturally developed and population-outflowing areas have a longer working life expectancy and less leisure time in their later lives. There are five typical patterns of working life expectancy extension for the rural older population, which are closely linked to the living standards, willingness to work, labor capacity, and working environment of the older population in the region. The research serves as an inspiration for authorities and society to empower rural older workers while providing them with a well-designed and powerful economic safety net.

Employing data from CLHLS survey conducted between 2005 and 2018, this study analyzes Chinese older adults' multidimensional poverty status and changes using the AF method. This work also summarizes the multidimensional poverty pattern by utilizing the latent class analysis and estimates the impact of family and social support on different patterns of poverty. The results suggest that the older adults' multidimensional poverty index declines with an increasing contribution of health. Multidimensional poverty patterns include financialmental poverty, comprehensive health poverty and mobilityparticipation poverty. Older adults who are female, older, and have lower education show higher risks of falling into three kinds of poverty. Older adults who are rural, live alone, and lack family and social support are more likely to be in financialmental poverty. Comprehensive health poverty is more likely to be observed among older adults living with family and have relatively sufficient community health services and social pension security. Older adults with less family support, community services and social security are more likely to show mobilityparticipation poverty.

Based on data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study examines the decline of cognitive functions among the Chinese oldest-old born in 1899-1908, 1909-1918 and 1919-1928 using hierarchical linear model (HLM). As one ages, his/her cognitive functions continuously decrease, and such decrease accelerates before death. There are significant cohort differences in the decline trajectories of cognitive functions among the oldest-old. For the later-born cohorts with longer life expectancy, the decline of cognitive functions is delayed, and they also have better cognitive functions than the earlierborn. However, the later-born cohorts experience longer periods of cognitive impairments before death. Besides, there is strong heterogeneity in older people, and those with better socioeconomic environments, healthier states, and more active behavioral patterns have better cognitive performance.

Using the data of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study examines the decline process of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among the Chinese oldest-old born in 1899-1908, 1909-1918 and 1919-1928 by hierarchical linear model (HLM) with mixed effects. This study aims to analyze the age effect, cohort effect, and internal heterogeneity in the process. Results show that there are both age effects and cohort effects in the process of ADL decline among the oldestold. Similar patterns of ADL decline have been found among the oldestold died at different ages. Compared to the chronological age, the remaining survival time before death has stronger predictive power on ADL changes. There are significant cohort differences in ADL changes among the oldest-old. Different socioeconomic statuses, health behaviors, childhood experiences and living environments affect ADL change trajectories among the oldestold, and also contribute to cohort differences.

Ｅｍｐｌｏｙｉｎｇ ｄａｔａ ｆｒｏｍ ２０１４ Ｃｈｉｎａ Ｌｏｎｇｉｔｕｄｉｎａｌ Ａｇｉｎｇ Ｓｏｃｉａｌ Ｓｕｒｖｅｙ （ＣＬＡＳＳ），ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ａｎａｌｙｚｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ｏｆ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ｏｆ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｌａｔｅｒｌｉｖｅｓ．Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｔｈｉｓ ｐａｐｅｒ ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｉｔｙ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｉｎ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ａｎｄ ｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｅｓ ｔｈｅ ｏｎｅｓ ｗｉｔｈ ｈｉｇｈ ｉｎｃｌｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｄｕｃｔ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｒｅｖｅａｌ ｔｈａｔ ｃａｓｈ ｓａｖｉｎｇｓ ａｒｅ ｓｔｉｌｌ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｗａｙ ｏｆ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｒｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎ ｆｏｒ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ．Ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｉｎ ｕｒｂａｎ ａｎｄ ｒｕｒａｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｓｈｏｗ ｈｉｇｈ ｐｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ ｆｏｒ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｉｎｖｅｓｔｍｅｎｔ ａｎｄ ｌａｎｄ ｔｒａｎｓａｃｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ．Ｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｔ ｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｆｏｕｎｄ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ，ｓｕｃｈ ａｓ ｔｈｅ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓ ｉｎ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ ａｍｏｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ ｉｎ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｏｈｏｒｔｓ ａｎｄ ｗｉｔｈ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ａｎｄ ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ
ｌｉｖｅ ｉｎ ｅａｓｔｅｒｎ ａｒｅａ，ｃｉｔｉｅｓ，ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｃｏｈｏｒｔ ｗｈｏ ｇａｖｅ ｂｉｒｔｈ ｌａｔｅ ａｒｅ ｍｏｒｅ ｌｉｋｅｌｙ ｔｏ ｍａｋｅ ｆｉｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ．Ｍｅａｎｗｈｉｌｅ，ｓｏｃｉａｌ ｓｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓ ｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｎｇ ｗｉｔｈ ｅｌｄｅｒｌｙ??ｓ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓ ａｎｄ ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ ｃａｐａｃｉｔｙ ａｆｆｅｃｔ ｔｈｅｉｒ ｆｉ?
ｎａｎｃｉａｌ ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇ．

Based on 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey，this paper explores the principal demands of old-age care for the Chinese elderly through analyzing their physical and mental health，economic status，social participation，and expectations for old-age support．This paper further examines old people’s family resources such as their family size，family structure，living arrangements，and children’s situations and their social resources such as social security，medical and health services，facilities，and social services．The results show that 47.53% of the Chinese older people are living in the empty- nest family．12.54% of the elderly need to be cared at different levels．Pension levels still vary considerably among different regions，although the economic independence of the elderly have been improved． Welfares such as the oldest-old allowance and preferential treatment for elderly have progressed remarkably．However，there are big differences between urban and rural areas in terms of the coverage of the old-age care institutions and facilities．

The social convoy model and the socioemotional selectivity theory，which have been adopted to study the social networks of elderly people in the Western societies，are tested in the Chinese context to shed light on the important factors affecting social isolation of the elderly in China．Employing data from China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey ( CLASS) ，this paper examines the current situation of family and friend isolation of the Chinese elderly，and analyzes the determinants of social isolation using logistic regression models．The results show that ageing increases the risk of friend isolation，but restrain the possibility of family isolation．A comparison of the determinants of family isolation with those of friend isolation suggests that family characteristics are the main predicting factors for the elderly family isolation，while health status is the major determinant of friend isolation of the Chinese elderly.Socioeconomic status，social participation and social environment are also significant influencing factors．

The scale and distribution of the disabled elders are important indicators for estimating demands of the elderly for long-term care services. In addressing the estimation biases caused by inadequate sample size in current elderly surveys, this study pools the survey data of CLHLS, SSAPUR and CHRLS in 2010～2011 weighted by the population structure of the sixth population census, and estimates the disability proportion and the healthy life expectation of the elderly. Results show that the disability rate of the Chinese elderly in 2010 stood at 11.2%, and the average living time duration with ADL Disability was 2.53 years; rural and female elderly were more likely to suffer from moderate and severe ADL disability than their urban and female counterparts. In addition, the gender difference in the proportion of the healthy life expectation among total life expectation rises as age grows. Conclusively, this study suggests that rural and female elderly are the dominant population groups receiving long-term care services.

The magnitude and trend of the disabled elderly population are important basis for evaluating demands of the elderly for long-term care services and planning development of social service system in an aging society. However, domestic existing data and research have not reached consensus on this issue. Using functions status information of the elderly in multiple surveys, this study examines the criteria of disability status in these surveys, and compares the disability rates reported from those surveys, with an attempt to obtain a reasonable estimation of the disability rate of the elderly in China. The analysis of data of three special surveys on ageing shows that KATZ Scale is an comparable tool usually adopted for the measurement of function status in those surveys, and the disability rate of Chinese elderly is between 10.48% and 13.31%. In order to facilitate further study on trends and patterns of disability of the elderly，this paper suggests that a consistent measurement in disability of the elderly for data collection be adopted, the sample size of the oldest-old people be expanded, and the representativeness of samples for different regions be improved in future research surveys.

Using data from a survey of rural-urban migrants in China conducted by Renmin University of China in 2009,this paper conducts an empirical study on the finical support from out-migrants to their old parents in rural China.Social economic status of migrants as well as characteristics of migration process are introduced into analysis.Results show that migration patterns and socio-economic characteristics of migrants have significant impacts on their behaviors of aging support.Out-migration has conflicting effects on improving the economic status of out-migrants and taking their traditional obligation of family support.Importantly the traditional intergenerational support patterns of reciprocity and exchange are maintained in families of migrants′ parents.The corporate group model is still the regulation for division of aging support among adult children whose migration behaviors become important characteristics in adjusting the division of family support.

Using data form sampling survey of population in 1994 and 2004,this paper conducted the analysis on Activity of Daily Living of elderly population,as well as the trend of expansion in Healthy Life Expectancy of Chinese elderly with Sullivan method in east,middle and west China.The research results indicated that the ADL of the elderly in east China are higher than that of the elderly in middle and west regions,and the proportion of the elderly with ADL impairment in 2004 are higher than that in 1994.The results of comparison on the HLE of the elderly in 2004 and 1994 shows that the increasing speed of HLE are higher than that of LE in east older females,which matches the pattern of morbidity compression.However,the pattern of morbidity expansion can provide better description for the extending of HLE of older males in east areas as well as the elderly in middle and west China.